Before we talk about the OSI model, we have to know the difference between a protocol model and a reference model. Basically, a protocol model closely fits the structure of a given protocol set. The hierarchically interconnected protocols in a protocol set usually represent all the functions of the interface between the human network and…
Interestingly, the path of the email sent is not a straight line. Typically, an email does not simply travel from sender to recipient, but goes through a series of intermediate steps in a clearly ordered process. The main actors in this process are the participating SMTP servers, which ensure that the e-mail reaches the recipient…
Did you know that you use the DNS system every day? You use it even if you are not familiar with how networks work. And even if you’re wasting your precious time on your mobile phone… But what is DNS and how does it work? Here’s a clear answer. The DNS system is one of…
